The Northwest Indians live along the Pacific coast from Washington State to Alaska. Within the region there are seven main tribes: Coast Salish, Nootka, Kwakiutl, Bella-Coola, Haida, Tsimshian, and Tlingit.
These tribes are also known under the name of the people of the totem pole after the largest of the famous wood carvings made by these tribes. The land inhabited by the Northwest Indians is a world of snow covered mountains, blue ocean waters, rushing rivers, and green forests.
It is a long, narrow slice of coast about a thousand miles from north to south and not much more than a hundred miles east to west. The mountains and the ocean combine to offer a moderate climate which is cool during the summer and is rather mild during the winter months. These temperature factors are good for the growth of the great redwood, cedar and fir trees.
As there can be observed from the nickname of the tribes, the totem pole is one of the things that distinguishes the Northwest Indians from other Indian tribes living in the United States. The poles became a symbol for these tribes only after the white traders brought them iron tools for carving.
Then, the totem pole in front of a house would show the ancestry and the social rank of the family within the tribe. It can be said that the totem pole was for the Northwest Indians what the coat of arms was for the European aristocratic families.
The Northwest Indians believed in the unseen forces of nature. They had rituals for food and weather, they would bring thanks for everything they had or they were given. For them, everything contained spiritual force, be it man, rock, tree, or animal.
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